Мохамед Нашид президент Мальдивских Островов

Мохамед Нашид (родился 17 мая 1967 года, мужчина, Мальдивы), журналист, активист и политик, который был избран президентом Мальдивских островов в 2008 году, но ушел в отставку с должности в начале 2012 года, что он охарактеризовал как государственный переворот.

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Что разделяет две половины Малайзии?

Молодость и политическая активность

Нашид посещал среднюю школу в Мале, прежде чем посещать школы в Коломбо, Шри-Ланка (1981–82) и в Западном Лавингтоне, Уилтшир, Англия (1982–84). Он получил степень бакалавра в области морских исследований в Ливерпульском университете Джона Мура в 1989 году.

Нашид вернулся на Мальдивы и в 1990 году стал помощником редактора нового журнала Sangu, в котором раскритиковал правительство Pres. Мумун Абдул Гайюм. Сангу был запрещен, а Нашид был приговорен к домашнему аресту. Позже в том же году он был заключен в тюрьму и содержался в одиночном заключении 18 месяцев. Он был приговорен к трем годам лишения свободы в 1992 году, но был освобожден в 1993 году. Нашид обратился за разрешением правительства на создание независимой политической партии в 1994 году, но его просьба была отклонена. Начиная с апреля 1996 года он отсидел шесть месяцев в тюрьме за статью, которую он написал в филиппинском журнале о выборах на Мальдивах в 1993 и 1994 годах.

In 1999 Nasheed was elected to the Maldivian parliament, the People’s Majlis. He was arrested again in October 2001, and in the following month he was sentenced to two and a half years’ exile to a remote island. In March 2002, while in exile, he was expelled from the Majlis because he had not attended the parliament for six months; he was released in August. After riots in the capital, Male, in September 2003, Nasheed left the Maldives for Sri Lanka, and while in exile there he helped found the opposition Maldivian Democratic Party (MDP) in November 2004.

Presidency

Нашид вернулся на Мальдивы в апреле 2005 года. В июне правительство Мальдивских Островов приняло закон, позволяющий политическим партиям участвовать в выборах, и Нашид, как глава МДП, начал кампанию ненасильственного гражданского неповиновения, направленную на то, чтобы принести большую демократию Мальдивам. Задержанный снова, он провел больше года под домашним арестом (2005–06). На первых свободных президентских выборах на Мальдивах, в октябре 2008 года, Нашид победил Гайума с 54 процентами голосов.

Как президент, Нашид стал известен во всем мире своими откровенными усилиями по предотвращению изменения климата. Все Мальдивские острова низменны, ни один из них не поднимается более чем на 6 футов (1,8 метра) над уровнем моря. В 2009 году Нашид писал: «Повышение уровня моря даже на полметра сделает большую часть [Мальдивских островов] необитаемой.

But the Maldives is no special case; simply the canary in the world’s coal mine.” The Maldives announced plans that year to become the world’s first carbon-neutral nation by 2020. Nasheed even held a cabinet meeting underwater in October to draw attention to the danger the Maldives would face from rising sea levels. In June 2010 relations between Nasheed and the People’s Majlis reached a new low when Nasheed’s entire cabinet resigned to protest the parliament’s blocking of the Nasheed government’s initiatives. Nasheed reappointed his cabinet. A 2011 documentary film, The Island President, covered Nasheed’s history of political activism and his environmental-protection efforts as president.

Nasheed’s administration continued to be hampered by loyalty to Gayoom within the judiciary and among members of the opposition Maldive People’s Party in the Majlis. In January 2012 Nasheed had a senior criminal court judge arrested for alleged bias in favour of the political opposition. After weeks of street protests by citizens opposed to the arrest, Nasheed resigned in early February and was replaced by his vice president, Mohamed Waheed Hassan. Shortly thereafter Nasheed claimed his resignation had been forced by the police and military, and his supporters staged protests and called for early elections. In August an official commission of inquiry backed by the Commonwealth announced its finding that Nasheed’s resignation had been voluntary and that there had been no coup. Meanwhile, in July charges were filed against him for what was deemed to have been his illegal arrest of the criminal court judge in January. Nasheed’s trial was delayed repeatedly over the following months through various appeals and hearings. He charged that the proceedings were meant to result in his disqualification from contesting the scheduled September 2013 presidential election. In March 2013 it was announced that the trial would be delayed until after the election, in which Nasheed was running as the MDP candidate.

In the September 7 election Nasheed won a large plurality of votes (45 percent) but not enough to avoid a runoff election against the second-place candidate. That election was scheduled for September 28, but legal challenges to the first election’s validity delayed the second vote and eventually resulted in the annulment of the results. A new election was held November 16. Nasheed, the front-runner, was defeated narrowly by Abdulla Yameen Abdul Gayoom, the half-brother of Maumoon Abdul Gayoom.

Exile and return

In February 2015 the charges against Nasheed were dropped. However, shortly thereafter he was re-charged, and in March he was found guilty of having illegally arrested the criminal court judge. Nasheed was sentenced to 13 years in prison. In December he was granted leave to travel to Great Britain for medical treatment. While there, he gathered support for his case and warned of growing authoritarianism in his country. The British government granted him asylum as a political refugee in May 2016. Nasheed left for Sri Lanka later that year, where he remained until late 2018. The Supreme Court of the Maldives stayed the charges against him on October 30, 2018, more than a month after a presidential election had been won by a senior leader of the MDP, and he returned to the Maldives two days later.