Леди Берд Джонсон, урожденная Клаудия Альта Тейлор (родилась 22 декабря 1912 года, Карнак, штат Техас, США - умерла 11 июля 2007 года, Остин, Техас), первая американская леди (1963–69), жена Линдона Б. Джонсона, 36-й президент Соединенных Штатов и защитник окружающей среды отметил ее акцент на благоустройстве.
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Знаменитые американские лица: факт или вымысел?
Бенджамин Франклин никогда не писал книги.
Дочь Томаса Джефферсона Тейлора, преуспевающего бизнесмена, и Минни Патилло Тейлор, Клаудия Альта Тейлор, получила прозвище «Леди Берд» по предложению семейной няни. После смерти ее матери в 1918 году леди Берд была воспитана тетей, которая приехала жить с семьей. Её детство было очень одиноким, и позже она заметила, что именно в эти годы у нее появилась любовь к чтению и уважение к спокойствию природы. Необычно яркая, она посещала местные школы и окончила среднюю школу в 15 лет; позже она училась в епископальной школе для девочек в Далласе, штат Техас, где продолжала интересоваться писательством.
В Техасском университете в Остине, в который она поступила в 1930 году, она наслаждалась множеством предметов роскоши, которые большинство других студентов не могли себе позволить, таких как ее собственная машина и счет оплаты, но у нее уже выработались очень осторожные привычки расходов, которые будут характерны для нее позже в жизни. После получения степени бакалавра истории в 1933 году она оставалась еще одним годом, чтобы получить степень по журналистике. Ее обучение в этой области помогло ей развить навыки, которые она позже использовала бы в ее отношениях с прессой.
Она познакомилась с Линдоном Бейнсом Джонсоном летом 1934 года, и он предложил это почти сразу. Они были женаты в епископальной церкви Св. Марка в Сан-Антонио, штат Техас, 17 ноября 1934 года. После нескольких выкидышей Леди Берд родила двух дочерей: Линду Берд в 1944 году и Люси Бэйнс в 1947 году.
In 1937 Lady Bird used $10,000 of her inheritance to support Lyndon’s first congressional campaign. After his election, she assisted constituents visiting the capital by showing them the main tourist attractions of the city. In 1941–42, while Lyndon was serving in the military (Lyndon was the first congressman to volunteer for active duty in World War II), she ran his congressional office and further developed her skills at handling his constituents.
In 1943, with more of Lady Bird’s inherited money, the Johnsons purchased a radio station in Austin, and Lady Bird took over as manager. Although it was never clear how much of her ensuing success was due to her own decisions and how much to Lyndon’s political connections or to sheer luck, her interest and expertise were genuine, and she continued to be active in managerial decisions long after the station became profitable.
As her husband’s political career advanced and he became a powerful figure in Washington, D.C., Lady Bird participated in his campaigns but shied away from giving speeches, preferring to shake hands and write letters instead. After taking a course in public speaking in 1959, however, she became an excellent extemporaneous speaker. In 1960, when Lyndon was nominated for vice president on the Democratic ticket with John F. Kennedy, she actively campaigned throughout the South, and Robert Kennedy later said that she had carried Texas for the Democrats.
Lady Bird used the three years of her husband’s vice presidency to hire an expert staff, including Liz Carpenter, a seasoned reporter, who served as both staff director and press secretary. Carpenter helped to portray Lady Bird in the best possible light when, after the assassination of President Kennedy in November 1963, she faced unfavourable comparisons with her stunning predecessor, Jacqueline Kennedy.
In the election of 1964, Lady Bird campaigned vigorously. Although Lyndon’s strong stand on civil rights had made him a pariah in many parts of the South, she insisted that no state be written off. From her campaign train, dubbed the “Lady Bird Special,” she rode through seven Southern states, urging voters to support her husband.
Following his election, she moved to establish her own record as first lady. She concentrated on Head Start, a program aimed at helping preschool children who were from disadvantaged backgrounds. But she became most closely identified with an environmental program, called “beautification,” that sought to encourage people to make their surroundings more attractive, whether they were wide-open spaces or crowded urban neighbourhoods. To encourage private donations, she formed the First Lady’s Committee for a More Beautiful Capital.
In an attempt to improve the appearance of the nation’s highways, she urged Congress to pass the Highway Beautification Bill, which was strenuously opposed by billboard advertisers. Her involvement in the legislation was highly unusual, and, though she received some criticism, the bill (in diluted form) passed Congress and became law in October 1965.
After Lyndon Johnson announced that he would not seek reelection in 1968, Lady Bird continued a busy round of official activities but also prepared for retirement in Texas. There she continued the interests that had long sustained her, especially her family and environmental concerns, including the National Wildflower Research Center (now the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center). Although she occasionally made political appearances for her son-in-law, Virginia governor (and later senator) Charles Robb, she dedicated most of her time to the family business and her grandchildren.
Early in her White House tenure, she began to record her impressions in daily tape recordings. A fraction of the thousands of hours she taped became the basis of her book, A White House Diary (1970), which was one of the most complete and revealing accounts ever left by a president’s wife.
Following her husband’s death in 1973 she divided her time between the LBJ ranch and her home in Austin. She could take satisfaction in the fact that Americans typically ranked her in the top half dozen of all first ladies.
